RATIO
A ratio is a relationship between two numbers by division of the same kind. The ration of a to b is written as a : b = a / b In ratio a : b , we can say that a as the first term or antecedent and b, the second term or consequent.
Example :
The ratio 2 : 5 we can represent as 2 / 5 after this 2 is a antecedent and 5 is consequent.
Rule of ratio:
In ratio multiplication or division of each and every term of a ratio by the same non- zero number does not affect the ratio.
Different type of ratio problem is given in Quantitative Aptitude which is a very essential topic in banking exam. Under below given some more example for your better practice.
Anything we learn in our school days was basics and that is well enough for passing our school exams. Now the time has come to learn for our competitive exams. For this we need our basics but also we have to learn something new. That’s where shortcut tricks and formula are comes into action.
PROPORTION
The idea of proportions is that two ratio are equal.
If a : b = c : d, we write a : b : : c : d,
Ex. 3 / 15 = 1 / 5
a and d called extremes, where as b and c called mean terms.
Proportion of quantities:
the four quantities a, b, c, d said proportion then we can express it
a : b = c : d
Then a : b : : c : d <–> ( a x d ) = ( b x c )
product of means = product of extremes.
If there is given three quantities like a, b, c of same kind then then we can say it proportion of continued.
a : b = b : c the middle number b is called mean proportion. a and c are called extreme numbers.
So, b2 = ac. ( middle number )2 = ( First number x Last number ).
QUESTION ON RATIO AND PROPORTION
1. What number has to be added to each term of 3 : 5 to make the ratio 5 : 6 .
- A. 7
- B. 6
- C. 8
- D. 5
- E. None of these
Let the number to be added x , Then
3 + x / 5 + x = 5 / 6
6 ( 3 + x ) = 5 ( 5 + x )
x = ( 25 – 18 ) = 7
So , the number to be added is 7.
2. Find the mean proportional between given two number that is 64 and 49.
- A. 45
- B. 52
- C. 54
- D. 56
- E. None of these
The mean proportion of two numbers is
Root of 64 and 49 is √8 x √ 7 = 8 x 7 = 56.
So, the mean proportional is 56.
3. If P : Q = 2 : 3 , Q : R = 4 : 5 and R : S = 6 : 7 , then P : S = ?
- A. 18: 25
- B. 17: 35
- C. 16: 35
- D. 8: 11
- E. None of these
4. Rama distributes his pencil among his four friends Rakesh, Rahul, Ranjan, and Rohit in the ratio 1 / 2 : 1 / 3 : 1 / 4 : 1 / 5 . What is the minimum number of pencils that the person should have?
- A. 66
- B. 64
- C. 72
- D. 77
- E. None of these
Rakesh : Rahul : Ranjan : Rohit = 1 / 2 : 1 / 3 : 1 / 4 : 1 / 5
Step 1: At First we need to do is LCM of 2,3,4 and 5 is 60.
Step 2: Then pencil are distributed in ratio among friends,
Rakesh = ( 1 / 2 x 60 ) = 30.
Rahul = ( 1 / 3 x 60 ) = 20.
Ranjan = ( 1 / 4 x 60 ) = 15.
Rohit = ( 1 / 5 x 60 ) = 12.
Step 3: Total number of pencils are ( 30 x + 20 x + 15 x + 12 x) = 77 x.
For minimum number of pencils x = 1 .
The person should have atleast 77 pencils.
5. Two numbers are respectively 40% and 60% more than third number. Find the ration of two numbers ?
- A. 8: 7
- B. 7: 9
- C. 9: 11
- D. 8: 13
- E. None of these
Step 1: Let the third number is A
Then first number is 140% of A = 140 x A / 100 = 7A / 5 and second number is 160% of B = 160 x B / 100 = 8B /5.
Step 2: now ratio of first and second number is 7A / 5 : 8B / 5 = 35A : 40B = 7 : 8.
6. Rs 1210 were divided among three person P, Q, R so that P : Q = 5 : 4 and Q : R = 9 : 10. Then R gets the amount.
- A. 450
- B. 400
- C. 500
- D. 375
- E. None of these
P : Q = 5 : 4, Q : R = 9 : 10 = ( 9 x 4 / 9 ) : ( 10 x 4 / 9 ) = 4 : 40 / 9.
So, P : Q : R = 5 : 4 : 40 /9 = 45 : 36 : 40
Sum of ratio terms is = ( 45 + 36 + 40 ) =121.
R share of amount is Rs (1210 x 40 / 121) = Rs. 400.
7. Share Rs.4200 among joy, sanjay and bijoy in the ration 2 : 4 : 6.Find the amount received by sanjay.
- A. 1200
- B. 1300
- C. 1400
- D. 1500
- E. None of these
Amount received by sanjay.
4 / 12 X 4200 = 1400= ( related ratio / sum of ratio ) x Total amount
So, the Amount received by sanjay is 1400.
8. If 2P = 3Q = 4R, Then P : Q : R = ?
- A. 2: 3: 5
- B. 2: 3: 4
- C. 3: 5: 6
- D. 1: 2: 3
- E. None of these
Let 2P = 3Q = 4R = k ,
Then ,
P = k / 2,
Q = k / 3 ,
R = k / 4.
SO , P : Q : R = k / 2 : k / 3 : k / 4 = 6 : 4 : 3.
9. If P : Q : R = 2 : 3 : 4 , Then P / Q : Q / R : R / P = ?
- A. 8: 9: 24
- B. 7: 9: 24
- C. 4: 6: 15
- D. 8: 11: 24
- E. None of these
P : Q : R = 2 : 3 : 4 .
Let P = 2k,
Q = 3k,
R = 4k.
Then,
P / Q = 2k / 3k = 2 / 3 ,
Q / R = 3k / 4k = 3 / 4
R / P = 4k / 2k = 2 / 1.
SO, P / Q : Q / R : R / P = 2 / 3 : 3 / 4 : 2 / 1 = 8 : 9 : 24.
10. Rs. 385 were divided among P , Q , R in such a way that P had Rs 20 more than Q and R had Rs 15 more than P . How much was R’s share?
- A. 156
- B. 145
- C. 152
- D. 150
- E. None of these
Let Q gets Rs x. Then We can say P gets Rs (x + 20 ) and R gets Rs ( x + 35) .
x + 20 + x + x + 35 = 385
3x = 330
x = 110 .
R’s share = Rs ( 110 + 35 ) = Rs 145.